<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196</id><updated>2012-01-28T21:53:08.420-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Biología Celular</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-9219650050988002465</id><published>2010-09-06T07:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-06T07:26:06.605-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ORÍGEN DE LA VIDA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_1964433"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aislas/platica-too-lazcano" title="Platica ToñO Lazcano"&gt;Platica ToñO Lazcano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=platicatoot-090907151924-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=platica-too-lazcano"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=platicatoot-090907151924-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=platica-too-lazcano" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aislas"&gt;Alfonso  Islas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-9219650050988002465?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/9219650050988002465/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=9219650050988002465' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/9219650050988002465'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/9219650050988002465'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2010/09/origen-de-la-vida.html' title='ORÍGEN DE LA VIDA'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-3466870152701072830</id><published>2009-11-24T11:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-24T11:35:39.485-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>﻿﻿&lt;div style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://media.entertonement.com/embed/OpenEntPlayer.swf" id="1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea" name="1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea" flashvars="auto_play=false&amp;amp;clip_pid=zjyvqsyndj&amp;amp;e=&amp;amp;id=1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea&amp;amp;skin_pid=wfxswdnlkf" width="300" height="30" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" allowscriptaccess="always" wmode="transparent"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div id="1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea_anchor" style="font-size: 8px; color: black; text-decoration: none; display: block; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.entertonement.com/clips/zjyvqsyndj--I-Was-MisinformedCasablanca-Humphrey-Bogart-Rick-Blaine-Claude-Rains-" style="font-size: 8px; color: black;" target="_blank"&gt;I Was Misinformed sound bite&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href="http://www.entertonement.com/collections/5074/Casablanca?ht_link=1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea" style="font-size: 8px; color: black;" target="_blank"&gt;Casablanca sound bites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img alt="I Was Misinformed sound bite" border="0" height="0" src="http://www.entertonement.com/widgets/img/clip/zjyvqsyndj/1/1_358e60ba_d930_11de_bc9c_0015c5f4d4ea/blank.gif" style="visibility: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin:0; padding:0; float:right" width="0" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-3466870152701072830?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/3466870152701072830/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=3466870152701072830' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/3466870152701072830'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/3466870152701072830'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2009/11/i-was-misinformed-sound-bite-casablanca.html' title=''/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-1171422486383943196</id><published>2009-11-17T11:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-23T07:08:44.840-08:00</updated><title type='text'>ESQUEMA DE LA SEMANA</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SwL7A_wblnI/AAAAAAAABhs/SCm8HZb3Cik/s1600/gelclasico.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SwL7A_wblnI/AAAAAAAABhs/SCm8HZb3Cik/s400/gelclasico.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405158497331156594" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Memorizar el Siguiente Esquema:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SwWfzVJfdsI/AAAAAAAABh8/cHmiKLYCeIo/s1600/Figura.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 389px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SwWfzVJfdsI/AAAAAAAABh8/cHmiKLYCeIo/s400/Figura.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405902631927248578" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-1171422486383943196?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/1171422486383943196/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=1171422486383943196' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/1171422486383943196'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/1171422486383943196'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2009/11/aviso-urgente.html' title='ESQUEMA DE LA SEMANA'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SwL7A_wblnI/AAAAAAAABhs/SCm8HZb3Cik/s72-c/gelclasico.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-4081212668661339206</id><published>2009-11-05T12:51:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-09-06T07:54:41.512-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PLENARIAS y TAREA DE LA SEMANA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TAREA DEL JUEVES 5 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 477px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_2431883"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas/a-simple-rule-for-proteins-to-follow" title="A Simple Rule For Proteins To Follow"&gt;A Simple Rule For Proteins To Follow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="510" width="477"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=asimpleruleforproteinstofollow-091105130236-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=a-simple-rule-for-proteins-to-follow"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=asimpleruleforproteinstofollow-091105130236-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=a-simple-rule-for-proteins-to-follow" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="510" width="477"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas"&gt;aeislas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Es interesante que lean este artículo y que lo presenten en power point, antes que los artículos de citoesqueleto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TAREA ANTERIOR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/Ss4yz7kRgzI/AAAAAAAABfE/91MonjkqpkA/s1600-h/Bomba+de+Sodio.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/Ss4yz7kRgzI/AAAAAAAABfE/91MonjkqpkA/s400/Bomba+de+Sodio.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390301671753614130" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Recuerden que la tarea es hacer un animado de esta imágen, si lo hacen muy, muy bien, puede contar como un parcial, la condición es que se apliquen y en power point, flash o lo que se les ocurra, muesten el dinamismo del trabajo de la bomba de sodio, como mecanísmo de Transporte Activo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_2106491"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_2643101"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas/ciclo-celular-2643101" title="Ciclo Celular"&gt;Ciclo Celular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=lauraciclocelular-091203120247-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=ciclo-celular-2643101"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=lauraciclocelular-091203120247-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=ciclo-celular-2643101" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas"&gt;aeislas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_2643057"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas/comunicacin-celular-2643057" title="ComunicacióN Celular"&gt;ComunicacióN Celular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=comunicacin08-091203115714-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=comunicacin-celular-2643057"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=comunicacin08-091203115714-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=comunicacin-celular-2643057" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas"&gt;aeislas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 425px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_2643068"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas/sprint-final-09-b" title="Sprint Final 09 B"&gt;Sprint Final 09 B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sprintfinal04-b-091203115615-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=sprint-final-09-b"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sprintfinal04-b-091203115615-phpapp02&amp;amp;stripped_title=sprint-final-09-b" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; 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font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;presentations&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aeislas"&gt;aeislas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SfJgVpO6oeI/AAAAAAAABN0/DPwgoEG8iUw/s1600-h/CARTEL_DARWIN6.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-4081212668661339206?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/4081212668661339206/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=4081212668661339206' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/4081212668661339206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/4081212668661339206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2009/04/darwin-y-los-microbios.html' title='PLENARIAS y TAREA DE LA SEMANA'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/Ss4yz7kRgzI/AAAAAAAABfE/91MonjkqpkA/s72-c/Bomba+de+Sodio.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-2189609281684320796</id><published>2009-08-24T14:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-06T07:55:31.395-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PROGRAMA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div  style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="my_ss_table" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign="top"&gt;&lt;td width="70"&gt;&lt;span class="green_bold2"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td width="380"&gt;                   &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/aislas/separating-organelles" class="blue_link_bold"&gt;Separating Organelles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="width: 477px; text-align: left;" id="__ss_1948922"&gt;&lt;a style="margin: 12px 0pt 3px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aislas/separating-organelles" title="Separating Organelles"&gt;Separating Organelles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object style="margin: 0px;" height="510" width="477"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=separatingorganelles-090903153338-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=separating-organelles"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayerd.swf?doc=separatingorganelles-090903153338-phpapp01&amp;amp;stripped_title=separating-organelles" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="510" width="477"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;View more &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/aislas"&gt;aislas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BIENVENIDOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;_______________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;PROGRAMA DE ASIGNATURA&lt;br /&gt;VIGENTE PARA EL CALENDARIO 2008 A&lt;br /&gt;NOMBRE DE MATERIA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;BIOLOGÍA CELULAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;CÓDIGO DE MATERIA  101&lt;br /&gt;DEPARTAMENTO  BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR&lt;br /&gt;CÓDIGO DE DEPARTAMENTO  BC&lt;br /&gt;CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE CINCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AGROPECUARIAS&lt;br /&gt;CARGA HORARIA  93 Horas  TEORÍA , 12 horas PRÁCTICA&lt;br /&gt;Total 105&lt;br /&gt;CRÉDITOS  10&lt;br /&gt;NIVEL DE FORMACION PROFESIONAL Licenciatura&lt;br /&gt;PRE-REQUISITOS Bioquímica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJETIVO GENERAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;ESTUDIAR A LA CELULA COMO LA UNIDAD FUNDAMENTAL DE COMPOSICIÓN, ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIÓN DE LOS SERES VIVOS PARA ESTABLECER LAS BASES PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LA FISIOLOGÍA DE LOS SISTEMAS BIOLÓGICOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;1. Identificar el objeto de estudio de la Biología Celular y sus características, así como su campo de acción y relación con otras áreas del conocimiento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;2. Conocer las formas prebióticas y los procesos que han llevado a los niveles de organización celular conocidos actualmente, diferenciando las células procariontes de las células eucariontes tanto vegetales como animales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;3. Estudiar los principios que gobiernan la formación y función de las membranas biológicas a partir de sus componentes, así como, los mecanismos de transporte a través de las membranas biológicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;4. Estudiar la estructura de los organelos intracelulares, integrando los conocimientos bioquímicos del metabolismo con la función y estructura de los mismos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;5. Conocer los mecanismos que permiten la comunicación inter e intracelular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;6. Comprender los mecanismos mediante los cuales se conserva y se transmite la información biológica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONTENIDO TEMATICO SINTÉTICO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UNIDADES CONCEPTUALES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;1&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;. INTRODUCCIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LA CÉLULA.&lt;/span&gt;  Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;4 Hrs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.1. DEFINICIÓN  Y CAMPO DE ACCIÓN DE LA BIOLOGIA CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;(y su relación con otras áreas)&lt;br /&gt;1.2 NIVELES DE ORGANIZACIÓN BIOLÓGICA&lt;br /&gt;1.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA MATERIA VIVA Y TEORIA CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;1.4 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE PROCARIONTES Y EUCARIONTES&lt;br /&gt;1.5 TÉCNICAS EMPLEADAS EN BIOLOGÍA CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;2. ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CÉLULA. &lt;/span&gt;  Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;6 Hrs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.1 ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS (DIVERSAS TEORÍAS)&lt;br /&gt;2.2 ETAPAS DEL ORIGEN DE LA VIDA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.1 Etapa Abiótica (Teoría de Evolución química; Oparin y Haldane)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.1.1 Origen y formación del universo.&lt;br /&gt;2.2.1.2 Origen y formación de la tierra.&lt;br /&gt;Formación de la atmósfera y caldo primitivo&lt;br /&gt;Síntesis de monómeros y polímeros (Miller, Urey, Wachterhauser y otros)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.2 Etapa Prebiótica (Evolución protobiológica)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.2.1 Mundo pre-RNA (Sistemas metabólicos vs Sistemas autorreplicativos)&lt;br /&gt;2.2.2.2 Mundo del RNA (Sistemas autocatalíticos, autorreplicativos y heredables)&lt;br /&gt;2.2.2.3 Modelos prebióticos (Protobiontes, sulfobios, microesférulas proteicas y coacervados)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.3 Etapa Biológica (Evolución biológica)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.3.1 De procariontes a eucariontes: compartamentalización y endosimbiosis.&lt;br /&gt;Alimentación: Heterótrofos vs Autótrofos.&lt;br /&gt;Metabolismo: Anaeróbicos vs Aeróbicos&lt;br /&gt;Energía: Quimiosintéticos vs Fotosintéticos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;3. LAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES.&lt;/span&gt; Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;20 Hrs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1. ESTRUCTURA, COMPOSICIÓN Y FUNCIONES DE LA MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.1 Estructura y composición química (Modelos de estructura de membrana)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.1.1 Propiedades: Semipermeabilidad, Asimetría, Fluidez, Elasticidad, Resistencia a tensión.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.2 Funciones de la membrana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.3 Especializaciones de membrana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.3.1 Uniones intercelulares (estrecha, adherente y comunicante)&lt;br /&gt;3.1.3.2 Receptores (Membrana plasmática e intracelulares)&lt;br /&gt;3.1.4 Matriz extracelular y pared celular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;3.2. MECANISMOS DE TRANSPORTE MEMBRANAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.1 A través de la membrana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.1.1 Transporte Pasivo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;∑ Difusión simple&lt;br /&gt;∑ Ósmosis: soluciones hipotónicas, isotónicas, hipertónicas.&lt;br /&gt;∑ Difusión facilitada: permeasas, canales iónicos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.1.2 Transporte Activo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;∑ Unidireccional mediante Co-transportadores&lt;br /&gt;∑ Bidireccional de Intercambio&lt;br /&gt;∑ Bombas iónicas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.2 Mediante Vesículas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.2.1 Endocitosis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;∑ Pinocitosis&lt;br /&gt;∑ Endocitosis mediada por receptor&lt;br /&gt;∑ Fagocitosis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.2.3 Exocitosis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;4. ORGANIZACIÓN INTRACELULAR.&lt;/span&gt; Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;32 Hrs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1 SISTEMA  DE ENDOMEMBRANAS Y ORGANELOS INTRACELULARES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.1 Núcleo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Componentes estructurales (Envoltura nuclear, Matriz nuclear, Cromatina)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nucleosoma como complejo supramacromolecular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funciones (Replicación y transcripción)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.2 Retículo endoplásmico&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liso: síntesis de lípidos&lt;br /&gt;Rugoso: síntesis de proteínas&lt;br /&gt;Ribosoma como complejo supramacromolecular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.3 Complejo de Golgi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Modificación de proteínas&lt;br /&gt;Formación de vesículas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.4 Sistema de vesículas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lisosomas&lt;br /&gt;Microcuerpos (Peroxisomas, Glioxisomas, Glicosomas, Hidrogenosomas)&lt;br /&gt;Vesículas de almacenamiento&lt;br /&gt;Vesículas de secreción&lt;br /&gt;Gránulos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.5 Mitocondrias&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1.6 Cloroplastos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.2. CITOESQUELETO Y MATRIZ CITOPLASMÁTICA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.2.1 Sistema microtrabecular&lt;br /&gt;4.2.2 Microtúbulos&lt;br /&gt;Centros organizadores de microtúbulos como complejos supramacromoleculares&lt;br /&gt;Centriolos y Cuerpos basales&lt;br /&gt;Cilios y Flagelos de procariontes y eucariontes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.2.3 Microfilamentos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actina y miosina en células no musculares&lt;br /&gt;Estructura de la sarcómera y contracción muscular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.2.4 Filamentos intermedios&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;5. COMUNICACIÓN CELULAR.&lt;/span&gt; Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;16 Hrs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.1 ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA COMUNICACIÓN CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;Emisor, Mensaje, Medio, Receptor y Respuesta&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.2 COMUNICACIÓN INTERCELULAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.2.1 Características&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.2.2 Ejemplos:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comunicación endócrina, autócrina, parácrina&lt;br /&gt;Comunicación neurona-neurona,  neurona-célula muscular, neurona-célula secretora&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.3 COMUNICACIÓN INTRACELULAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.3.1 Componentes del sistema&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.3.2 Ejemplos:  Vía del AMPc; Vía del DAG y el IP3; y otras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;6. CICLO CELULAR&lt;/span&gt;. Carga horaria: &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;15 Hrs&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.1 CONCEPTO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.2 ETAPAS DEL CICLO CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.2.1 Fases: M, G1, S, G2, G0.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.2.2 División celular (Fase M)&lt;br /&gt;6.2.2.1 Eucariontes: Mitosis, Meiosis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.2.2.2 Procariontes: Fisión binaria, Esporulación&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.3 REGULACIÓN DEL CICLO CELULAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.3.1 Factores inductores y represores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;1. Formación de Coacervados.&lt;br /&gt;2. Diferenciación de células procariontes y eucariontes (animal y vegetal)&lt;br /&gt;3. Transporte a través de Membrana (ósmosis).&lt;br /&gt;4. Aislamiento de Cloroplastos.&lt;br /&gt;5. Mitosis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BIBLIOGRAFIA BÁSICA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) Molecular Biology of the Cell.  Alberts,. 3a. ed. 2002. Garland&lt;br /&gt;2) Biología Celular.  Wood, Smith. 1a. ed. 2006. Addison Wesley&lt;br /&gt;3) Biología Celular  Avers, Ch. 2a. ed. 2002. Grupo Editorial Iberoamericano.&lt;br /&gt;4) Fisiología Celular. Giese, A.E. 4a. ed. 1999. Interamericana.&lt;br /&gt;5) Biología Celular y Molecular.  Robertis y Robertis. 10a. ed. 1999. El Ateneo.&lt;br /&gt;6) Biología Celular.  Junqueira, et al. 1a. 5a. Reimpresión 1990. La Prensa Médica Mexicana.&lt;br /&gt;7) Biología Celular.  Karp Gerald. Interamericana / Mcgraw Hill. 1999&lt;br /&gt;8) The Cell, A Molecular Approach, Cooper G. M."2nd Ed. 2000. ADM PRESS&lt;br /&gt;9) Molecular Cell Biology. Lodish, H. ET. AL. 2000. Freeman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BIBLIOGRAFIA COMPLEMENTARIA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. El Origen de la Vida. Lazcano-Araujo, A. Ed. Trillas, 1990.&lt;br /&gt;2. Molecular Biology of the Gen. Watson, J. 4a. ed. 1987. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;3. La Célula Viva. De Duve, A. 1992.  Biblioteca Scientific American. Prensa Científica.&lt;br /&gt;4. Bioquímica. Leningher, A. 2a. ed. 1980. Omega.&lt;br /&gt;5. Biología. Solomon, Ville, et al. 2a. ed. 1992. McGraw Hill-Interamericana.&lt;br /&gt;6. Histology. Weiss, L. &amp;amp; Greep. 4a. ed. 1977.  McGraw Hill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En un curso teórico-practico, como el presente, la transmisión del contenido de la materia, es responsabilidad, del profesor, del alumno y de la literatura de consulta, así como de los materiales apropiadamente programados, y la transmisión del método de la materia al laboratorio o al trabajo de campo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se propone la idea de unificar el aula, el laboratorio y el campo, creando un curso con auxiliares didácticos diseñados "ex profeso" bajo el esquema: lectura - investigación; exposición - discusión; demostración - ejercicios - práctica - experimentación; evaluación - medición - acreditación - promoción. Con este modelo se pretende flexibilizar el modo didáctico,  para llevar a cabo un continuo y ascendente desarrollo del aprendizaje escolar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA APLICACIÓN PROFESIONAL DE LA ASIGNATURA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Materia básica común, relevante para estudiantes de Biología, Agronomía, y Medicina Veterinaria, donde se establecen las bases para la comprensión del funcionamiento de los sistemas biológicos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONOCIMIENTOS, HABILIDADES, VALORES, ETC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Con el desarrollo del curso, se pretende que el alumno adquiera habilidades y aptitudes que le permitan identificar la importancia de la célula como la unidad fundamental de los seres vivos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MODALIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evaluación del Profesor  (curso ordinario y extraordinario)&lt;br /&gt;Evaluaciones teóricas parciales&lt;br /&gt;Participación y asistencia&lt;br /&gt;presentaciones&lt;br /&gt;análisis y discusión de lecturas&lt;br /&gt;preguntas y respuestas&lt;br /&gt;Prácticas&lt;br /&gt;Producto terminal&lt;br /&gt;Examen Departamental   (Valor  10 % de la calificación final)&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;PARTICIPACIÓN EN CLASE 10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;EXÁMENES PARCIALES 40%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;EXÁMEN DEPARTAMENTAL 10 %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;PRÁCTICAS 10 % &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;TAREAS 30%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-2189609281684320796?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/2189609281684320796/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=2189609281684320796' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/2189609281684320796'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/2189609281684320796'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2007/09/universidad-de-guadalajara-programa-de.html' title='PROGRAMA'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-4227737871783076580</id><published>2009-08-24T13:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-19T12:17:07.720-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BIOLOGÍA CELULAR / Semestre 2009 B</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img style="width: 378px; height: 221px;" src="http://www.virtual.unal.edu.co/cursos/ciencias/12161/images/singer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="textotablitacent"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Modelo propuesto por Singer y Nicolson&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Membrana Celular                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Funcionalmente la membrana celular                            se comporta como una barrera semipermeable: Algunas                            sustancias hidrosolubles y liposolubles de bajo peso                            molecular, atraviesan fácilmente las membranas                            celulares, mientras que moléculas con carga eléctrica                            o de gran tamaño (proteínas) no lo hacen.                            Los movimientos transmembrana de los fármacos                            son influenciados por la composición y estructura                            de la membrana celular. Esta es delgada (70 - 100 amstrong)                            y compuesta de fosfolípidos y carbohidratos dispersos                            así como grupos de proteínas integrales                            que actúan como receptores, canales, bombas,                            enzimas o simplemente son estructurales. La teoría                            de la bicapa lipídica o unidad de membrana propuesta                            por Davson y Danielly (1952), considera que la membrana                            celular está compuesta por dos capas de fosfolípidos                            entre dos capas superficiales de proteínas, con                            las "cabezas" hidrofílicas de los fosfolípidos                            orientadas hacia el exterior mientras que las "colas"                            hidrofóbicas están alineadas hacia el                            interior. Esta teoría explica la observación                            que los fármacos liposolubles tienden a penetrar                            más fácilmente la membrana que las sustancias                            polares. Sin embargo este modelo no tiene en cuenta                            la difusión del agua, el paso de moléculas                            de bajo peso molecular (urea) y ciertos iones.                            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;El modelo de mosaico fluido propuesto por Singer                              y Nicolson (1972), explica la difusión transcelular                              de moléculas polares. Según este modelo                              representado en el gráfico, la membrana                              consiste en proteínas globulares embebidas                              en un fluido dinámico dentro de una matriz                              de una bicapa lipídica. Estas proteínas                              ofrecen una ruta para la transferencia selectiva de                              iones y moléculas polares a través de                              la barrera lipídica y formando dos tipos de                              poros: Los primeros alrededor de 10 nanómetros                              y los otros entre 50-70 nm. Los primeros actúan                              como canales para la difusión de agua o iones                              (Na+, K+, Cl-, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;tomado de: http://www.virtual.unal.edu.co/cursos/ciencias/12161/lecciones/02_01_01.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-4227737871783076580?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/4227737871783076580/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=4227737871783076580' title='3 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/4227737871783076580'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/4227737871783076580'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2009/02/blog-de-la-clase-de-biologia-celular.html' title='BIOLOGÍA CELULAR / Semestre 2009 B'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-8824682441387066648</id><published>2009-08-24T12:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-19T12:17:51.661-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Novedades</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;table border="0" width="100%"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr align="justify"&gt;&lt;td width="100%"&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane - The Mosaic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Module by: Laura Martin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the bilayer nature of the cell membrane was described in the mid-1920's, it was not until 1972 that the currently accepted model of the plasma membrane, the fluid mosaic model, was formally outlined by S. J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson in the journal  Science.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Singer’s work on membrane structure originated in the 1950’s when he, along with other protein chemists, demonstrated that many water-soluble proteins like those found in cytoplasm could unexpectedly dissolve in nonaqueous, non-polar solvents. Furthermore, the shape a protein assumed differed in hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments (Singer, 1992).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From an historical perspective these results are significant because they led Singer to wonder about the structure of the proteins revealed to be closely associated with lipid-rich, and therefore nonaqueous, cell membranes in the 1930’s (Eichman, 2007). As he later wrote,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although we had not experimented with membrane proteins and knew very little about membranes at the time, as almost an aside we speculated [in a 1962 publication] that because “the cellular environment of many proteins contains high concentrations of lipid components in a wide variety of cellular membranes, the gross conformations of these proteins in situ may be determined by this association with a nonaqueous environment.” This notion set off a train of ideas and experiments that eventually led us to the fluid mosaic model. (Singer, 1992, p.3)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the time Singer's train set off, the standard model for membrane structure, the Davson-Danielli-Roberston (DDR) model, was a bilayer of lipids sequestered between two monolayers of unfolded protein (Figure 1). Each protein layer faced an aqueous environment, cytoplasm or interstitial fluid, depending upon whether the membrane enclosed an organelle or the cell itself (Figure 1; Singer, 1992).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFs7I8SWI/AAAAAAAABLA/za1ZPpm-VfU/s1600-h/Davson+Danielli+Robertson+model+of+membrane.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 211px; height: 298px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFs7I8SWI/AAAAAAAABLA/za1ZPpm-VfU/s400/Davson+Danielli+Robertson+model+of+membrane.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314394567133120866" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Figure 1:&lt;/span&gt;  Original figure from Singer (1992) illustrating the Davson-Danielli-Robertson model of the plasma membrane. Notice that the lipid bilayer is isolated from the surrounding aqueous environment by two layers of unfolded membrane protein (p). Each membrane forming lipid is composed of a polar head group (h) and fatty acyl tail (f). Text added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Singer and colleagues applied their understanding of the influence of solvent environment on protein conformation specifically to the problem of membrane proteins, they realized the DDR model was energetically untenable. As he and Nicolson (1972) later wrote,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The latter [DDR] model is thermodynamically unstable because not only are the&lt;br /&gt;non-polar amino acid residues of the membrane proteins in this model perforce [by circumstance]  largely exposed to water but the ionic and polar groups of the lipid are sequestered by a layer  of protein from contact with water. Therefore, neither hydrophobic nor hydrophilic interactions are maximized in the classical [DDR] model. (Singer and Nicolson, 1972, p.721)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is, the DDR model was energetically unfeasible because the constitutive molecules could not stably persist in aqueous cytoplasm in the physical conformation proposed.  Just as oil and water will spontaneously separate when left to stand after shaking, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of a single polypeptide or an entire cell will spontaneously organize so that hydrophilic elements are in contact with the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic elements are sequestered, isolated from contact with polar components.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus, they reasoned that membrane proteins in a cell will assume globular (folded) conformations, due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residues interacting with each other and the solvent environment, not the unfolded structures suggested by the DDR model. Similarly, membrane proteins will not be positioned to prevent contact between the polar head groups of membrane lipids and the aqueous cytoplasm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, if membrane proteins are globular and not layered on top of the membrane, where are they? How are they associated with the membrane?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mosaic element of Singer and Nicolson's (1972) fluid mosaic model answered these questions. According to this model, membrane proteins come in two forms: peripheral proteins, which are dissolved in the cytoplasm and relatively loosely associated with the surface of the membrane, and integral proteins, which are integrated into the lipid matrix itself, to create a protein-phospholipid mosaic (Figure 2; Singer and Nicolson, 1972).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFoIJggzI/AAAAAAAABK4/RSBal83idyA/s1600-h/Fluid+mosaic+diagram+Singer+and++Nicholson+resized.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 282px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFoIJggzI/AAAAAAAABK4/RSBal83idyA/s400/Fluid+mosaic+diagram+Singer+and++Nicholson+resized.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314394484725809970" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Figure 2:&lt;/span&gt; Original figure from Singer and Nicolson (1972) depicting membrane cross section with integral proteins in the phospholipid bilayer mosaic. Phospholipids are depicted as spheres with tails, proteins as embedded shaded, globular objects. Peripheral proteins, which would be situated at, not in, the membrane surface, are not shown. Recall that both surfaces of this membrane intercept an aqueous environment either  the cytoplasm and/or the interstitial fluid. Transmembrane protein spanning entire membrane on left.Figure 2 (Fluid mosaic diagram Singer and  Nicholson resized.jpg)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Singer and Nicolson (1972) supported these categories of proteins and their physical arrangement with both physical and biochemical evidence. For example, researchers had successfully separated the bilayers of frozen plasma membranes from a variety of sources including vacuoles, nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria and bacteria to reveal proteins embedded within (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). Similarly, evidence had also emerged to support the existence of transmembrane proteins, proteins that traversed the entire plasma membrane and extended into the aqueous environment on either side of the membrane (Figure 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clear data supporting the predicted biochemical structure of integral proteins was harder to gain, however, and would only follow many years after the publication of the model. What was the biochemical structure of these proteins predicted to be?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consider the energetic principles and molecular interactions on which Singer and Nicolson's model is based. Use your understanding of how these principles influence the structure and organization of individual polypeptides and the structural components of cells to answer the following questions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Examine Figure 2. Predict biochemical properties (for example the hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions) of an integral protein versus those of a peripheral protein. Please be sure to explain your reasoning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.  How do your predictions of the biochemical nature of integral proteins compare to Singer and Nicolson's predictions (Figure 3) adapted from a figure published by Lenard and Singer in 1966? If your predictions differ, please be sure to explain how and why they do.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFgrm3NGI/AAAAAAAABKw/SAtScsunZvQ/s1600-h/Amphipathic+protein+diagram+Singer+and++Nicholson+resized.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 239px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFgrm3NGI/AAAAAAAABKw/SAtScsunZvQ/s400/Amphipathic+protein+diagram+Singer+and++Nicholson+resized.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314394356805219426" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Figure 3: &lt;/span&gt;Original figure from Singer and Nicolson (1972) depicting membrane cross section with integral proteins in the phospholipid bilayer. The ionic and polar portions of the proteins, as indicated by the +/- signs, contact the aqueous solutions (cytoplasm and/or interstitial fluid) surrounding the lipid bilayer. The membrane spanning or inserted region of the protein is non-polar/hydrophobic and therefore lacks charge as indicated by the absence of +/- symbols.Figure 3 (Amphipathic protein diagram Singer and  Nicholson resized.jpg)&lt;br /&gt;Works Cited&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Eichman, P. 2007. http://www1.umn.edu/ships/9-2/membrane.htm. SHiPS Resource Center for Sociology, History and Philosophy in Science Teaching&lt;br /&gt;*  Lenard, J. and S.J. Singer. 1966. Protein conformation in cell membrane preparations as studied by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 56:1828-1835.&lt;br /&gt;* Singer, S.J. and G. L. Nicolson. 1972.  The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science. 175: 720-731.&lt;br /&gt;*  Singer, S.J. 1992. The structure and function of membranes - a personal memoir.  Journal of Membrane Biology. 129:3-12.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E-mail the author of the module,  The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane - The Mosaic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://cnx.org/content/m15255/latest/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr align="justify"&gt;&lt;td width="100%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;"&gt;&lt;!--mstheme--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;!--mstheme--&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;"&gt;                                                                                      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3872756005376566196-8824682441387066648?l=biolcel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/feeds/8824682441387066648/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3872756005376566196&amp;postID=8824682441387066648' title='17 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/8824682441387066648'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3872756005376566196/posts/default/8824682441387066648'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biolcel.blogspot.com/2008/10/novedades.html' title='Novedades'/><author><name>Alfonso Islas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11513406573878583700</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/SWUGrtQyAiI/AAAAAAAABDo/6Vo9SrfG_sU/S220/Foto+3+copia.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_LQUN8tJTvN4/ScCFs7I8SWI/AAAAAAAABLA/za1ZPpm-VfU/s72-c/Davson+Danielli+Robertson+model+of+membrane.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>17</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3872756005376566196.post-5757366166728858230</id><published>2009-08-23T11:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-08T11:38:38.287-07:00</updated><title type='text'>MATERIAL DE APOYO DIDACTICO</title><content type='html'>&lt;table style="width: 15px; 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